Table 4 Theories, models, frameworks, and approaches (n = 37) included in the 20 capacity-building initiatives

KTA (Knowledge-to-Action) Framework [36]

14

TDF (Theoretical Domains Framework) [37]

11

COM-B Model for Behavior Change [38]

9

RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) [39, 40]

9

CFIR (Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research) [41, 42]

8

Behavior Change Wheel [38]

5

Dynamic Sustainability Framework [43]

4

NHS (National Health Service) Sustainability Model [44]

4

Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation [45]

3

PARiHS (Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services) Framework [46]

3

EBSIS (Evidence-based System for Innovation Support) [47]

2

Integrated Knowledge Translation [48]

2

NPT (Normalization Process Theory) [49, 50]

2

Proctor’s Implementation Outcomes [51]

2

Quality Implementation Framework [52]

2

Rogers Diffusion of Innovation [53]

2

ADAPT Process Model [54]

1

Awareness-to-Adherence Model [55]

1

CAN-Implement [56]

1

Complexity theory [57]

1

End-of-Grant Knowledge Translation [48]

1

EPIS Framework (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment) [58, 59]

1

Forms and Functions [60]

1

FRAME (Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded) [61]

1

IHI (Institute for Healthcare Improvement) Model for Improvement [62]

1

IHI (Institute for Healthcare Improvement) Psychology of Change Framework [63]

1

Implementation Process Model [64]

1

Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice [65]

1

Network Mapping [66, 67]

1

OMRU (Ottawa Model of Research Use) [68]

1

R = MC2 Readiness Framework [69]

1

Soft Systems Theory [70]

1

Systems Thinking [71]

1

Systems Pathways [57]

1

Systems Readiness [72]

1

TACT-A (Target, Action, Context, Timing, Actors) Framework [73]

1

Theory of Planned Behavior [74]

1