Table 2 Study characteristics and settings (n = 24)

Design

    Cross-sectional (i.e., single point), no comparison group

10 (41.7%)

    Random assignment, treatment and control group (i.e., experimental)

9 (27.5%)

    Pre-test/post-test, no comparison group (i.e., pre-experimental)

5 (20.8%)

Results drawn from hybrid design

6 (25.0%)

Data analysis

    Quantitative

10 (41.7%)

    Qualitative

8 (33.3%)

    Quantitative and qualitative

6 (25.0%)

Sample

    Criminal justice staff and community-based partners

8 (33.3%)

    Administrative data

6 (25.0%)

    Criminal justice staff

5 (20.8%)

    Criminal justice staff and research partners

2 (8.3%)

    Criminal justice staff, clients, community-based partners

2 (8.3%)

    Community-based staff and clients

1 (4.2%)

Study setting(s)¹

 Prison

17 (70.8%)

 Jail

12 (50.0%)

 Community corrections

7 (29.2%)

 Work release

2 (8.3%)

 Corrections setting not specified

1 (4.2%)

Primary health focus

 Infectious disease

9 (37.5%)

 Substance use

6 (25.0%)

 Mental health

5 (20.8%)

 Co-occurring mental health and substance use

2 (8.3%)

 Other

2 (8.3%)

Part of Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS)

11 (45.8%)